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The sum rule for differentiation states d/(dx)[f(x)+g(x)]=f^'(x)+g^'(x), (1) where d/dx denotes a derivative and f^'(x) and g^'(x) are the derivatives of f(x) and g(x), ...

Summation by parts for discrete variables is the equivalent of integration by parts for continuous variables Delta^(-1)[v(x)Deltau(x)]=u(x)v(x)-Delta^(-1)[Eu(x)Deltav(x)], ...

For a linear homogeneous ordinary differential equation, if y_1(x) and y_2(x) are solutions, then so is y_1(x)+y_2(x).

A quantity displayed above the normal line of text (and generally in a smaller point size), as the "i" in x^i, is called a superscript. Superscripts are commonly used to ...

Two angles alpha and beta for which alpha+beta=pi are said to be supplementary. In other words, alpha and beta are supplementary angles if they produce a straight angle when ...

Let M be an oriented regular surface in R^3 with normal N. Then the support function of M is the function h:M->R defined by h(p)=p·N(p).

Any linear combination of real spherical harmonics A_lP_l(costheta)+sum_(m=1)^l[A_l^mcos(mphi)+B_l^msin(mphi)]P_l^m(costheta) for l fixed whose sum is not premultiplied by a ...

A surface in 3-space can be parameterized by two variables (or coordinates) u and v such that x = x(u,v) (1) y = y(u,v) (2) z = z(u,v). (3) If a surface is parameterized as ...

A parallel of a surface of revolution is the intersection of the surface with a plane orthogonal to the axis of revolution.

Surrogate data are artificially generated data which mimic statistical properties of real data. Isospectral surrogates have identical power spectra as real data but with ...