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The square root inequality states that 2sqrt(n+1)-2sqrt(n)<1/(sqrt(n))<2sqrt(n)-2sqrt(n-1) for n>=1.

A number is said to be squarefree (or sometimes quadratfrei; Shanks 1993) if its prime decomposition contains no repeated factors. All primes are therefore trivially ...

The robustness of a given outcome to small changes in initial conditions or small random fluctuations. Chaos is an example of a process which is not stable.

The measurable space (S^',S^') into which a random variable from a probability space is a measurable function.

The value at a stationary point.

The probability of getting a positive result for a given test which should produce a positive result.

The unit of solid angle. The solid angle corresponding to all of space being subtended is 4pi steradians.

Let the stick number s(K) of a knot K be the least number of straight sticks needed to make a knot K. The smallest stick number of any knot is s(T)=6, where T is the trefoil ...

A method of stochastic optimization including techniques such as gradient search or Robbins-Monro stochastic approximation.

A function f(t) of one or more parameters containing a noise term epsilon(t) f(t)=L(t)+epsilon(t), where the noise is (without loss of generality) assumed to be additive.