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Trigonometry

The absolute difference of two numbers n_1 and n_2 is |n_1-n_2|, where the minus sign denotes subtraction and |x| denotes the absolute value.

The antilaplacian of u with respect to x is a function whose Laplacian with respect to x equals u. The antilaplacian is never unique.

Solve the Pell equation x^2-92y^2=1 in integers. The smallest solution is x=1151, y=120.

For n players, n-1 games are needed to fairly determine first place, and n-1+lg(n-1) are needed to fairly determine first and second place.

A graded algebra over the integers Z. Cohomology of a space is a graded ring.

A knot diagram which does not specify whether crossings are under- or overcrossings.

If the first case of Fermat's last theorem is false for the prime exponent p, then 3^(p-1)=1 (mod p^2).

A mathematical object upon which an operator acts. For example, in the expression 1×2, the multiplication operator acts upon the operands 1 and 2.

Perhaps the most commonly-studied oriented point lattice is the so-called north-east lattice which orients each edge of L in the direction of increasing coordinate-value. ...