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The ratio X/Y of independent normally distributed variates with zero mean is distributed with a Cauchy distribution. This can be seen as follows. Let X and Y both have mean 0 ...

Let A^' be the outermost vertex of the regular pentagon erected outward on side BC of a reference triangle DeltaABC. Similarly, define B^' and C^'. The triangle ...

The pentakis icosidodecahedron is the dual of the chamfered dodecahedron. It contains 42 vertices, 120 edges, and 80 faces. The canonical version has two distinct edge ...

Poincaré's lemma says that on a contractible manifold, all closed forms are exact. While d^2=0 implies that all exact forms are closed, it is not always true that all closed ...

The integral kernel in the Poisson integral, given by K(psi)=1/(2pi)(1-|z_0|^2)/(|z_0-e^(ipsi)|^2) (1) for the open unit disk D(0,1). Writing z_0=re^(itheta) and taking ...

For a polynomial P=sum_(k=0)^na_kz^k, (1) several classes of norms are commonly defined. The l_p-norm is defined as ||P||_p=(sum_(k=0)^n|a_k|^p)^(1/p) (2) for p>=1, giving ...

Proof theory, also called metamathematics, is the study of mathematics and mathematical reasoning (Hofstadter 1989) in a general and abstract sense itself. Instead of ...

The Racah V-coefficients are written V(j_1j_2j;m_1m_2m) (1) and are sometimes expressed using the related Clebsch-Gordan coefficients C_(m_1m_2)^j=(j_1j_2m_1m_2|j_1j_2jm), ...

A strict order > on the set of terms of a term rewriting system is called a reduction order if 1. The set of terms is well ordered with respect to >, that is, all its ...

Partial differential equation boundary conditions which, for an elliptic partial differential equation in a region Omega, specify that the sum of alphau and the normal ...