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The Lehmer cotangent expansion for which the convergence is slowest occurs when the inequality in the recurrence equation b_k>=b_(k-1)^2+b_(k-1)+1. (1) for ...

The Lorenz curve is used in economics and ecology to describe inequality in wealth or size. The Lorenz curve is a function of the cumulative proportion of ordered individuals ...

The MacBeath inconic of a triangle is the inconic with parameters x:y:z=a^2cosA:b^2cosB:c^2cosC. (1) Its foci are the circumcenter O and the orthocenter H, giving the center ...

Let there be three polynomials a(x), b(x), and c(x) with no common factors such that a(x)+b(x)=c(x). Then the number of distinct roots of the three polynomials is one or more ...

The (upper) matching number nu(G) of graph G, sometimes known as the edge independence number, is the size of a maximum independent edge set. Equivalently, it is the degree ...

The minimal polynomial of a matrix A is the monic polynomial in A of smallest degree n such that p(A)=sum_(i=0)^nc_iA^i=0. (1) The minimal polynomial divides any polynomial q ...

The maximum leaf number l(G) of a graph G is the largest number of tree leaves in any of its spanning trees. (The corresponding smallest number of leaves is known as the ...

Multiple edges are two or more edges connecting the same two vertices within a multigraph. Multiple edges of degree d_(ij) between vertex i and vertex j correspond to an ...

In the IEEE 754-2008 standard (referred to as IEEE 754 henceforth), NaN (or "not a number") is a symbolic floating-point representation which is neither a signed infinity nor ...

Newton's forward difference formula is a finite difference identity giving an interpolated value between tabulated points {f_p} in terms of the first value f_0 and the powers ...