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Let G be an undirected graph, and let i denote the cardinal number of the set of externally active edges of a spanning tree T of G, j denote the cardinal number of the set of ...

A Latin square is said to be odd if it contains an odd number of rows and columns that are odd permutations. Otherwise, it is said to be even. Let the number of even Latin ...

The alternating factorial is defined as the sum of consecutive factorials with alternating signs, a(n)=sum_(k=1)^n(-1)^(n-k)k!. (1) They can be given in closed form as ...

The n-Andrásfai graph is a circulant graph on 3n-1 nodes whose indices are given by the integers 1, ..., 3n-1 that are congruent to 1 (mod 3). The Andrásfai graphs have graph ...

An apodization function (also called a tapering function or window function) is a function used to smoothly bring a sampled signal down to zero at the edges of the sampled ...

A number k such that nk^2 has its last digit(s) equal to k is called n-automorphic. For example, 1·5__^2=25__ (Wells 1986, pp. 58-59) and 1·6__^2=36__ (Wells 1986, p. 68), so ...

It is thought that the totient valence function N_phi(m)>=2, i.e., if there is an n such that phi(n)=m, then there are at least two solutions n. This assertion is called ...

The Cayley-Purser algorithm is a public-key cryptography algorithm that relies on the fact that matrix multiplication is not commutative. It was devised by Sarah Flannery ...

Let P(G) denote the chromatic polynomial of a finite simple graph G. Then G is said to be chromatically unique if P(G)=P(H) implies that G and H are isomorphic graphs, in ...

The phrase dependent percolation is used in two-dimensional discrete percolation to describe any general model in which the states of the various graph edges (in the case of ...