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The identity element of an additive group G, usually denoted 0. In the additive group of vectors, the additive identity is the zero vector 0, in the additive group of ...

A permutation cycle is a subset of a permutation whose elements trade places with one another. Permutations cycles are called "orbits" by Comtet (1974, p. 256). For example, ...

The commutator subgroup (also called a derived group) of a group G is the subgroup generated by the commutators of its elements, and is commonly denoted G^' or [G,G]. It is ...

The number of elements of a group in a given conjugacy class.

If a matrix group is reducible, then it is completely reducible, i.e., if the matrix group is equivalent to the matrix group in which every matrix has the reduced form ...

A homogeneous space M is a space with a transitive group action by a Lie group. Because a transitive group action implies that there is only one group orbit, M is isomorphic ...

A group of sociable numbers of order 3.

A decomposition of a module into a direct sum of submodules. The index set for the collection of submodules is then called the grading set. Graded modules arise naturally in ...

A group action G×X->X is called free if, for all x in X, gx=x implies g=I (i.e., only the identity element fixes any x). In other words, G×X->X is free if the map G×X->X×X ...

The geometry of the Lie group consisting of real matrices of the form [1 x y; 0 1 z; 0 0 1], i.e., the Heisenberg group.