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C_7 is the cyclic group that is the unique group of group order 7. Examples include the point group C_7 and the integers modulo 7 under addition (Z_7). No modulo ...

Let L be an extension field of K, denoted L/K, and let G be the set of automorphisms of L/K, that is, the set of automorphisms sigma of L such that sigma(x)=x for every x in ...

Given a symmetric positive definite matrix A, the Cholesky decomposition is an upper triangular matrix U with strictly positive diagonal entries such that A=U^(T)U. Cholesky ...

A Hessenberg decomposition is a matrix decomposition of a matrix A into a unitary matrix P and a Hessenberg matrix H such that PHP^(H)=A, where P^(H) denotes the conjugate ...

A procedure for decomposing an N×N matrix A into a product of a lower triangular matrix L and an upper triangular matrix U, LU=A. (1) LU decomposition is implemented in the ...

The special orthogonal group SO_n(q) is the subgroup of the elements of general orthogonal group GO_n(q) with determinant 1. SO_3 (often written SO(3)) is the rotation group ...

A representation of a group G is a group action of G on a vector space V by invertible linear maps. For example, the group of two elements Z_2={0,1} has a representation phi ...

The orthogonal decomposition of a matrix into lower trapezoidal matrices.

A free Abelian group is a group G with a subset which generates the group G with the only relation being ab=ba. That is, it has no group torsion. All such groups are a direct ...

Every finite group of order n can be represented as a permutation group on n letters, as first proved by Cayley in 1878 (Rotman 1995).