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At the age of 17, Bernard Mares proposed the definite integral (Borwein and Bailey 2003, p. 26; Bailey et al. 2006) C_2 = int_0^inftycos(2x)product_(n=1)^(infty)cos(x/n)dx ...

An infinitesimal transformation of a vector r is given by r^'=(I+e)r, (1) where the matrix e is infinitesimal and I is the identity matrix. (Note that the infinitesimal ...

Define the "information function" to be I=-sum_(i=1)^NP_i(epsilon)ln[P_i(epsilon)], (1) where P_i(epsilon) is the natural measure, or probability that element i is populated, ...

An ordinal number is called an initial ordinal if every smaller ordinal has a smaller cardinal number (Moore 1982, p. 248; Rubin 1967, p. 271). The omega_alphas ordinal ...

Let A^' be the outermost vertex of the regular pentagon erected inwards on side BC of a reference triangle DeltaABC. Similarly, define B^' and C^'. The triangle ...

The inner Soddy circle is the circle tangent to each of the three mutually tangent circles centered at the vertices of a reference triangle. It has circle function ...

An integrating factor is a function by which an ordinary differential equation can be multiplied in order to make it integrable. For example, a linear first-order ordinary ...

Integration under the integral sign is the use of the identity int_a^bdxint_(alpha_0)^alphaf(x,alpha)dalpha=int_(alpha_0)^alphadalphaint_a^bf(x,alpha)dx (1) to compute an ...

Divide a set of data into two groups (high and low) of equal size at the statistical median if there is an even number of data points, or two groups consisting of points on ...

The inverse erf function is the inverse function erfc^(-1)(z) of erfc(x) such that erfc(erfc^(-1)(x))=erfc^(-1)(erfc(x)), (1) with the first identity holding for 0<x<2 and ...