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The incenter I is the center of the incircle for a polygon or insphere for a polyhedron (when they exist). The corresponding radius of the incircle or insphere is known as ...

Let X be an arbitrary topological space. Denote the set closure of a subset A of X by A^- and the complement of A by A^'. Then at most 14 different sets can be derived from A ...

Expressions of the form lim_(k->infty)x_0+sqrt(x_1+sqrt(x_2+sqrt(...+x_k))) (1) are called nested radicals. Herschfeld (1935) proved that a nested radical of real nonnegative ...

An ordinary double point of a plane curve is point where a curve intersects itself such that two branches of the curve have distinct tangent lines. Ordinary double points of ...

An orthogonal coordinate system is a system of curvilinear coordinates in which each family of surfaces intersects the others at right angles. Orthogonal coordinates ...

A pairing function is a function that reversibly maps Z^*×Z^* onto Z^*, where Z^*={0,1,2,...} denotes nonnegative integers. Pairing functions arise naturally in the ...

A partial differential equation (PDE) is an equation involving functions and their partial derivatives; for example, the wave equation ...

The dual of Brianchon's theorem (Casey 1888, p. 146), discovered by B. Pascal in 1640 when he was just 16 years old (Leibniz 1640; Wells 1986, p. 69). It states that, given a ...

Let F(n,sigma) denote the number of permutations on the symmetric group S_n which avoid sigma in S_k as a subpattern, where "tau contains sigma as a subpattern" is ...

That portion of geometry dealing with figures in a plane, as opposed to solid geometry. Plane geometry deals with the circle, line, polygon, etc.