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A congruent number can be defined as an integer that is equal to the area of a rational right triangle (Koblitz 1993). Numbers (a,x,y,z,t) such that {x^2+ay^2=z^2; ...

A right triangle with the two legs (and their corresponding angles) equal. An isosceles right triangle therefore has angles of 45 degrees, 45 degrees, and 90 degrees. For an ...

A rounded rectangle is the shape obtained by taking the convex hull of four equal circles of radius r and placing their centers at the four corners of a rectangle with side ...

The salinon is the figure illustrated above formed from four connected semicircles. The word salinon is Greek for "salt cellar," which the figure resembles. If the radius of ...

A number of areas of mathematics have the notion of a "dual" which can be applies to objects of that particular area. Whenever an object A has the property that it is equal ...

The square of the area of the base (i.e., the face opposite the right trihedron) of a trirectangular tetrahedron is equal to the sum of the squares of the areas of its other ...

The curl of a vector field, denoted curl(F) or del xF (the notation used in this work), is defined as the vector field having magnitude equal to the maximum "circulation" at ...

A dipyramid, also called a bipyramid, consists of two pyramids symmetrically placed base-to-base. The dipyramids are duals of the regular prisms. Their skeletons are the ...

A closed planar quadrilateral with opposite sides of equal lengths a and b, and with four right angles. A square is a degenerate rectangle with a=b. The area of the rectangle ...

A trapezoid is a quadrilateral with two sides parallel. The trapezoid is equivalent to the British definition of trapezium (Bronshtein and Semendyayev 1977, p. 174). An ...