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A description of an object by properties that are different from those mentioned in its definition, but are equivalent to them. The following list gives a number of examples. ...

A Gaussian quadrature-like formula for numerical estimation of integrals. It uses weighting function W(x)=1 in the interval [-1,1] and forces all the weights to be equal. The ...

The Christmas stocking theorem, also known as the hockey stick theorem, states that the sum of a diagonal string of numbers in Pascal's triangle starting at the nth entry ...

Clark's triangle is a number triangle created by setting the vertex equal to 0, filling one diagonal with 1s, the other diagonal with multiples of an integer f, and filling ...

A notation used to describe curves. The fundamental principle of Clebsch-Aronhold notation states that if each of a number of forms be replaced by a power of a linear form in ...

A sophisticated checksum (often abbreviated CRC), which is based on the algebra of polynomials over the integers (mod 2). It is substantially more reliable in detecting ...

The partial order width of a set P is equal to the minimum number of chains needed to cover P. Equivalently, if a set P of ab+1 elements is partially ordered, then P contains ...

Consider a point P inside a reference triangle DeltaABC, construct line segments AP, BP, and CP. The Ehrmann congruent squares point is the unique point P such that three ...

A factorion is an integer which is equal to the sum of factorials of its digits. There are exactly four such numbers: 1 = 1! (1) 2 = 2! (2) 145 = 1!+4!+5! (3) 40585 = ...

For a field K with multiplicative identity 1, consider the numbers 2=1+1, 3=1+1+1, 4=1+1+1+1, etc. Either these numbers are all different, in which case we say that K has ...