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The term "loop" has a number of meanings in mathematics. Most simply, a loop is a closed curve whose initial and final points coincide in a fixed point p known as the ...

The word "order" is used in a number of different ways in mathematics. Most commonly, it refers to the number of elements in (e.g., conjugacy class order, graph order, group ...

Parametric equations are a set of equations that express a set of quantities as explicit functions of a number of independent variables, known as "parameters." For example, ...

A path gamma is a continuous mapping gamma:[a,b]|->C^0, where gamma(a) is the initial point, gamma(b) is the final point, and C^0 denotes the space of continuous functions. ...

The term perimeter refers either to the curve constituting the boundary of a lamina or else to the length of this boundary. The perimeter of a circle is called the ...

A simple closed curve on a sphere that is not necessarily a great circle but merely intersects as a great circle would (Billera et al. 1999).

The radius of curvature is given by R=1/(|kappa|), (1) where kappa is the curvature. At a given point on a curve, R is the radius of the osculating circle. The symbol rho is ...

A quotient of two polynomials P(z) and Q(z), R(z)=(P(z))/(Q(z)), is called a rational function, or sometimes a rational polynomial function. More generally, if P and Q are ...

Let K subset= C be compact, let f be analytic on a neighborhood of K, and let P subset= C^*\K contain at least one point from each connected component of C^*\K. Then for any ...

There are at least two Siegel's theorems. The first states that an elliptic curve can have only a finite number of points with integer coordinates. The second states that if ...