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The tensor product between modules A and B is a more general notion than the vector space tensor product. In this case, we replace "scalars" by a ring R. The familiar ...

For elliptic curves over the rationals Q, the group of rational points is always finitely generated (i.e., there always exists a finite set of group generators). This theorem ...

A numeral is a symbol used to represent a number. Arabic numerals (0-9) are the ones most commonly used today. Other types, mainly of historical interest, include Egyptian, ...

A relation "<=" is a partial order on a set S if it has: 1. Reflexivity: a<=a for all a in S. 2. Antisymmetry: a<=b and b<=a implies a=b. 3. Transitivity: a<=b and b<=c ...

A multimagic square such that the first, second, third, fourth, and fifth powers of the elements all yield magic squares is known as a pentamagic square. The first known ...

A phase portrait is a plot of multiple phase curves corresponding to different initial conditions in the same phase plane (Tabor 1989, p. 14). Phase portraits for simple ...

For the rational curve of an unperturbed system with rotation number r/s under a map T (for which every point is a fixed point of T^s), only an even number of fixed points ...

In Euclidean space R^3, the curve that minimizes the distance between two points is clearly a straight line segment. This can be shown mathematically as follows using ...

A polar zonohedron is a convex zonohedron derived from the star which joins opposite vertices of any right n-gonal prism (for n even) or antiprism (for n odd). The faces of ...

A map defined by one or more polynomials. Given a field K, a polynomial map is a map f:K^n->K^m such that for all points (x_1,...,x_n) in K^n, ...