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A random polygon is a polygon generated in some random way. Kendall conjectured that the shape of a random polygon is close to a disk as the area of the polygon becomes large ...

The quantities obtained from cubic, hexagonal, etc., lattice sums, evaluated at s=1, are called Madelung constants. For cubic lattice sums ...

An algebraic identity is a mathematical identity involving algebraic functions. Examples include the Euler four-square identity, Fibonacci identity, Lebesgue identity, and ...

The asterisk *, also called a "star," is used for a number of different purposed in mathematics. The most common usage is to denote multiplication so, for example, 2*3=2×3=6. ...

For a smooth harmonic map u:M->N, where del is the gradient, Ric is the Ricci curvature tensor, and Riem is the Riemann tensor.

A sphere with four punctures occurring where a knot passes through the surface.

The symbol | most commonly used to denote the adjoint operator. The dagger is also known as the obelisk, obelus, or long cross (Bringhurst 1997, p. 275).

Let four lines in a plane represent four roads in general position, and let one traveler T_i be walking along each road at a constant (but not necessarily equal to any other ...

The integral closure of a commutative unit ring R in an extension ring S is the set of all elements of S which are integral over R. It is a subring of S containing R.

A proper ideal of a ring that is not the intersection of two ideals which properly contain it. In a principal ideal domain, the ideal I=<a> is irreducible iff a=0 or a is an ...