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Given a Lucas sequence with parameters P and Q, discriminant D!=0, and roots a and b, the Sylvester cyclotomic numbers are Q_n=product_(r)(a-zeta^rb), (1) where ...

Trigonometric functions of npi/13 for n an integer cannot be expressed in terms of sums, products, and finite root extractions on real rational numbers because 13 is not a ...

Trigonometric functions of npi/9 radians for n an integer not divisible by 3 (e.g., 40 degrees and 80 degrees) cannot be expressed in terms of sums, products, and finite root ...

Let points A^', B^', and C^' be marked off some fixed distance x along each of the sides BC, CA, and AB. Then the lines AA^', BB^', and CC^' concur in a point U known as the ...

A function f is Carathéodory differentiable at a if there exists a function phi which is continuous at a such that f(x)-f(a)=phi(x)(x-a). Every function which is Carathéodory ...

The cosine function cosx is one of the basic functions encountered in trigonometry (the others being the cosecant, cotangent, secant, sine, and tangent). Let theta be an ...

An elliptic integral is an integral of the form int(A(x)+B(x)sqrt(S(x)))/(C(x)+D(x)sqrt(S(x)))dx, (1) or int(A(x)dx)/(B(x)sqrt(S(x))), (2) where A(x), B(x), C(x), and D(x) ...

The polylogarithm Li_n(z), also known as the Jonquière's function, is the function Li_n(z)=sum_(k=1)^infty(z^k)/(k^n) (1) defined in the complex plane over the open unit ...

An even Mathieu function ce_r(z,q) with characteristic value a_r.

A mathematical relationship transforming a function f(x) to the form f(x+a).