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Given a circle, the apothem is the perpendicular distance r from the midpoint of a chord to the circle's center. It is also equal to the radius R minus the sagitta h, r=R-h. ...

A function f mapping a set X->X/R (X modulo R), where R is an equivalence relation in X, is called a canonical map.

A node which is one graph edge further away from a given node in a rooted tree.

The symbol used in continental Europe, most of North and South America (with the exception of the United States and Canada), and most of Africa to denote a decimal point, for ...

The Dedekind eta function is defined over the upper half-plane H={tau:I[tau]>0} by eta(tau) = q^_^(1/24)(q^_)_infty (1) = q^_^(1/24)product_(k=1)^(infty)(1-q^_^k) (2) = ...

A dual number is a number x+epsilony, where x,y in R and epsilon is a matrix with the property that epsilon^2=0 (such as epsilon=[0 1; 0 0]).

Suppose a,b in N, n=ab+1, and x_1, ..., x_n is a sequence of n real numbers. Then this sequence contains a monotonic increasing (decreasing) subsequence of a+1 terms or a ...

The curvature of a surface satisfies kappa=kappa_1cos^2theta+kappa_2sin^2theta, where kappa is the normal curvature in a direction making an angle theta with the first ...

The first Neuberg circle is the circumcircle of the first Neuberg triangle. The center has center function (1) which is not a Kimberling center. Its radius is ...

An early name for calculus of variations. The term is also sometimes used in place of predicate calculus.