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The symbol % used to indicate percent.

A perfect graph is a graph G such that for every induced subgraph of G, the clique number equals the chromatic number, i.e., omega(G)=chi(G). A graph that is not a perfect ...

A class of game in which players move alternately and each player is completely informed of previous moves. Finite, zero-sum, two-player games with perfect information ...

A characteristic of some systems making a transition to chaos. Doubling is followed by quadrupling, etc. An example of a map displaying period doubling is the logistic map.

A sequence {a_i} is said to be periodic with period p with if it satisfies a_i=a_(i+np) for n=1, 2, .... For example, {1,2,1,2,1,2,1,2,1,2,1,2,1,2,...} is a periodic sequence ...

A node in a graph for which the graph eccentricity equals the graph diameter (Harary 1994, p. 41).

All elementary functions can be extended to the complex plane. Such definitions agree with the real definitions on the x-axis and constitute an analytic continuation.

The use of permil (a.k.a. parts per thousand) is a way of expressing ratios in terms of whole numbers. Given a ratio or fraction, it is converted to a permil-age by ...

If all elements a_(ij) of an irreducible matrix A are nonnegative, then R=minM_lambda is an eigenvalue of A and all the eigenvalues of A lie on the disk |z|<=R, where, if ...

A^*(x)=sum_(lambda_n<=x)^'a_n=1/(2pii)int_(c-iinfty)^(c+iinfty)f(s)(e^(sx))/sds, where f(s)=suma_ne^(-lambda_ns).