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The haversine, also called the haversed sine, is a little-used entire trigonometric function defined by hav(z) = 1/2vers(z) (1) = 1/2(1-cosz) (2) = sin^2(1/2z), (3) where ...

A fair coin is tossed an even 2n number of times. Let D=|H-T| be the absolute difference in the number of heads and tails obtained. Then the probability distribution is given ...

A partial differential diffusion equation of the form (partialU)/(partialt)=kappadel ^2U. (1) Physically, the equation commonly arises in situations where kappa is the ...

A family of operators mapping each space M_k of modular forms onto itself. For a fixed integer k and any positive integer n, the Hecke operator T_n is defined on the set M_k ...

In two-dimensional Cartesian coordinates, attempt separation of variables by writing F(x,y)=X(x)Y(y), (1) then the Helmholtz differential equation becomes ...

The scale factors are h_u=h_v=sqrt(u^2+v^2), h_theta=uv and the separation functions are f_1(u)=u, f_2(v)=v, f_3(theta)=1, given a Stäckel determinant of S=u^2+v^2. The ...

In two-dimensional polar coordinates, the Helmholtz differential equation is 1/rpartial/(partialr)(r(partialF)/(partialr))+1/(r^2)(partial^2F)/(partialtheta^2)+k^2F=0. (1) ...

A number which is simultaneously a heptagonal number H_n and square number S_m. Such numbers exist when 1/2n(5n-3)=m^2. (1) Completing the square and rearranging gives ...

The second-order ordinary differential equation (d^2y)/(dx^2)-2x(dy)/(dx)+lambday=0. (1) This differential equation has an irregular singularity at infty. It can be solved ...

The Hermite polynomials H_n(x) are set of orthogonal polynomials over the domain (-infty,infty) with weighting function e^(-x^2), illustrated above for n=1, 2, 3, and 4. ...