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The versine, also known as the "versed sine," is a little-used trigonometric function defined by versin(z) = 2sin^2(1/2z) (1) = 1-cosz, (2) where sinz is the sine and cosz is ...

The orthogonal polynomials defined variously by (1) (Koekoek and Swarttouw 1998, p. 24) or p_n(x;a,b,c,d) = W_n(-x^2;a,b,c,d) (2) = (3) (Koepf, p. 116, 1998). The first few ...

The quotient W(p)=((p-1)!+1)/p which must be congruent to 0 (mod p) for p to be a Wilson prime. The quotient is an integer only when p=1 (in which case W(1)=2) or p is a ...

A nonzero element x of a ring for which x·y=0, where y is some other nonzero element and the multiplication x·y is the multiplication of the ring. A ring with no zero ...

A graph whose nodes are sequences of symbols from some alphabet and whose edges indicate the sequences which might overlap. The above figures show the first few n-dimensional ...

A description of an object by properties that are different from those mentioned in its definition, but are equivalent to them. The following list gives a number of examples. ...

Consider the process of taking a number, taking its digit sum, then adding the digits of numbers derived from it, etc., until the remaining number has only one digit. The ...

The ding-dong surface is the cubic surface of revolution given by the equation x^2+y^2=(1-z)z^2 (1) (Hauser 2003) that is closely related to the kiss surface. The surface can ...

The Drazin inverse is a matrix inverse-like object derived from a given square matrix. In particular, let the index k of a square matrix be defined as the smallest ...

An indicial equation, also called a characteristic equation, is a recurrence equation obtained during application of the Frobenius method of solving a second-order ordinary ...