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The total domination number gamma_t of a graph is the size of a smallest total dominating set, where a total dominating set is a set of vertices of the graph such that all ...

A triomino, also known as a tromino, is a 3-polyomino. There are two free polyominoes, (the same) two one-sided polyominoes, and 6 fixed polyominoes. The free polyominoes are ...

Let G be Gauss's constant and M=1/G be its multiplicative inverse. Then M/sqrt(2)=0.8472130... (OEIS A097057) is sometimes known as the ubiquitous constant (Spanier and ...

A unit vector is a vector of length 1, sometimes also called a direction vector (Jeffreys and Jeffreys 1988). The unit vector v^^ having the same direction as a given ...

Let a vault consist of two equal half-cylinders of radius r which intersect at right angles so that the lines of their intersections (the "groins") terminate in the ...

Vector addition is the operation of adding two or more vectors together into a vector sum. The so-called parallelogram law gives the rule for vector addition of two or more ...

An ordered vector basisv_1,...,v_n for a finite-dimensional vector space V defines an orientation. Another basis w_i=Av_i gives the same orientation if the matrix A has a ...

An integral equation of the form phi(x)=f(x)+int_a^xK(x,t)phi(t)dt, where K(x,t) is the integral kernel, f(x) is a specified function, and phi(t) is the function to be solved ...

Geometry

Chess is a two-player board game believed to have been played in India as early as the sixth century AD. In different parts of this world, different chess games are played. ...