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The curve a hanging flexible wire or chain assumes when supported at its ends and acted upon by a uniform gravitational force. The word catenary is derived from the Latin ...

Betti numbers are topological objects which were proved to be invariants by Poincaré, and used by him to extend the polyhedral formula to higher dimensional spaces. ...

The word polytope is used to mean a number of related, but slightly different mathematical objects. A convex polytope may be defined as the convex hull of a finite set of ...

A pyramid is a polyhedron with one face (known as the "base") a polygon and all the other faces triangles meeting at a common polygon vertex (known as the "apex"). A right ...

The regular hexagon is the regular polygon with six sides, as illustrated above. The inradius r, circumradius R, sagitta s, and area A of a regular hexagon can be computed ...

The necessary condition for the polychoron to be regular (with Schläfli symbol {p,q,r}) and finite is cos(pi/q)<sin(pi/p)sin(pi/r). Sufficiency can be established by ...

A sequence s_n(x) is called a Sheffer sequence iff its generating function has the form sum_(k=0)^infty(s_k(x))/(k!)t^k=A(t)e^(xB(t)), (1) where A(t) = A_0+A_1t+A_2t^2+... ...

A theorem sometimes called "Euclid's first theorem" or Euclid's principle states that if p is a prime and p|ab, then p|a or p|b (where | means divides). A corollary is that ...

An abstract vector space of dimension n over a field k is the set of all formal expressions a_1v_1+a_2v_2+...+a_nv_n, (1) where {v_1,v_2,...,v_n} is a given set of n objects ...

The trace of an n×n square matrix A is defined to be Tr(A)=sum_(i=1)^na_(ii), (1) i.e., the sum of the diagonal elements. The matrix trace is implemented in the Wolfram ...