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A vector is formally defined as an element of a vector space. In the commonly encountered vector space R^n (i.e., Euclidean n-space), a vector is given by n coordinates and ...

The bandwidth of a matrix M=(m_(ij)) is the maximum value of |i-j| such that m_(ij) is nonzero.

A tree spread in which each node has a finite number of children.

A theory of Hamiltonian cycles.

A relation R on a set S is transitive provided that for all x, y and z in S such that xRy and yRz, we also have xRz.

The 600-cell is the finite regular four-dimensional polytope with Schläfli symbol {3,3,5}. It is also known as the hypericosahedron or hexacosichoron. It is composed of 600 ...

An abstract vector space of dimension n over a field k is the set of all formal expressions a_1v_1+a_2v_2+...+a_nv_n, (1) where {v_1,v_2,...,v_n} is a given set of n objects ...

Given a general quadrilateral with sides of lengths a, b, c, and d, the area is given by K = 1/4sqrt(4p^2q^2-(b^2+d^2-a^2-c^2)^2) (1) = (2) (Coolidge 1939; Ivanov 1960; Beyer ...

The trace of an n×n square matrix A is defined to be Tr(A)=sum_(i=1)^na_(ii), (1) i.e., the sum of the diagonal elements. The matrix trace is implemented in the Wolfram ...

A n×n matrix A is an orthogonal matrix if AA^(T)=I, (1) where A^(T) is the transpose of A and I is the identity matrix. In particular, an orthogonal matrix is always ...