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In the plane, if a line intersects one side of a triangle and misses the three vertices, then it must intersect one of the other two sides. This is a special case of the ...

A theorem stated in 1882 which cannot be derived from Euclid's postulates. Given points a, b, c, and d on a line, if it is known that the points are ordered as (a,b,c) and ...

A change in a knot projection such that a pair of oppositely oriented strands are passed through another pair of oppositely oriented strands.

Let gamma be a path given parametrically by sigma(t). Let s denote arc length from the initial point. Then int_gammaf(s)ds = int_a^bf(sigma(t))|sigma^'(t)|dt (1) = ...

A topological space X is pathwise-connected iff for every two points x,y in X, there is a continuous function f from [0,1] to X such that f(0)=x and f(1)=y. Roughly speaking, ...

An m×n matrix which gives the possible outcome of a two-person zero-sum game when player A has m possible moves and player B n moves. The analysis of the matrix in order to ...

The function f(x,y)=(2x^2-y)(y-x^2) which does not have a local maximum at (0, 0), despite criteria commonly touted in the second half of the 1800s which indicated the ...

1. Zero is a number. 2. If a is a number, the successor of a is a number. 3. zero is not the successor of a number. 4. Two numbers of which the successors are equal are ...

A curve given by the Cartesian equation b^2y^2=x^3(a-x). (1) It has area A=(a^3pi)/(8b). (2) The curvature is kappa(x)=(2b^2(3a^2-12ax+8x^2))/(sqrt(x)[4b^2(a-x)+(3a-4x)^2x]). ...

For some range of r, the Mandelbrot set lemniscate L_3 in the iteration towards the Mandelbrot set is a pear-shaped curve. In Cartesian coordinates with a constant r, the ...