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An infinitesimal is some quantity that is explicitly nonzero and yet smaller in absolute value than any real quantity. The understanding of infinitesimals was a major ...

Let B, A, and e be square matrices with e small, and define B=A(I+e), (1) where I is the identity matrix. Then the inverse of B is approximately B^(-1)=(I-e)A^(-1). (2) This ...

A sequence {x_n} is called an infinitive sequence if, for every i, x_n=i for infinitely many n. Write a(i,j) for the jth index n for which x_n=i. Then as i and j range ...

Conditions at an initial time t=t_0 from which a given set of mathematical equations or physical system evolves. A system with initial conditions specified is known as an ...

In a category C, an initial object is an object I in Ob(C) such that for any other object X in Ob(C), there is one and only one morphism from I to X.

An inner automorphism of a group G is an automorphism of the form phi(g)=h^(-1)gh, where h is a fixed element of G. The automorphism of the symmetric group S_3 that maps the ...

A particular type of automorphism group which exists only for groups. For a group G, the inner automorphism group is defined by Inn(G)={sigma_a:a in G} subset Aut(G) where ...

An inner product space is a vector space together with an inner product on it. If the inner product defines a complete metric, then the inner product space is called a ...

A type of plot invented by M. Trott that shows the behavior of a function near and far from the origin simultaneously. Inside a given radius, the plot shows the actual value ...

The finite Fourier cosine transform of an apodization function, also known as an apparatus function. The instrument function I(k) corresponding to a given apodization ...