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A measure algebra which has many properties associated with the convolution measure algebra of a group, but no algebraic structure is assumed for the underlying space.

A generalization of the matrix to an n_1×n_2×... array of numbers.

A hyperstring is a simple semi-Hamiltonian acyclic digraph (V,E) with a labeling of the edges in E such that, for all vertices i,j,p,q in V, either pi(i,j)=pi(p,q) or pi(i,j) ...

The term "ice fractal" refers to a fractal (square, triangle, etc.) that is based on a simple generating motif. The above plots show the ice triangle, antitriangle, square, ...

Let K be a number field with ring of integers R and let A be a nontrivial ideal of R. Then the ideal class of A, denoted [A], is the set of fractional ideals B such that ...

When f:A->B is a ring homomorphism and b is an ideal in B, then f^(-1)(b) is an ideal in A, called the contraction of b and sometimes denoted b^c. The contraction of a prime ...

The multiplicative subgroup of all elements in the product of the multiplicative groups k_nu^× whose absolute value is 1 at all but finitely many nu, where k is a number ...

A periodic matrix with period 1, so that A^2=A.

A quantity which rigorously assumes the value of zero is said to be identically zero. The "identically" is used for emphasis when simply stating that a quantity is (or ...

The identity element I (also denoted E, e, or 1) of a group or related mathematical structure S is the unique element such that Ia=aI=a for every element a in S. The symbol ...