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The extension of a, an ideal in commutative ring A, in a ring B, is the ideal generated by its image f(a) under a ring homomorphism f. Explicitly, it is any finite sum of the ...

The notion of height is defined for proper ideals in a commutative Noetherian unit ring R. The height of a proper prime ideal P of R is the maximum of the lengths n of the ...

The radical of an ideal a in a ring R is the ideal which is the intersection of all prime ideals containing a. Note that any ideal is contained in a maximal ideal, which is ...

The identity function id(x) is the function id(x)=x which assigns every real number x to the same real number x. It is identical to the identity map. The identity function is ...

Radial line segments whose inward-pointing end produce the illusion of a circle or other figure. The apparent figure has the same color as the background, but appears ...

A special nonsingular map from one manifold to another such that at every point in the domain of the map, the derivative is an injective linear transformation. This is ...

An improper integral is a definite integral that has either or both limits infinite or an integrand that approaches infinity at one or more points in the range of ...

A non-zero module which is not the direct sum of two of its proper submodules. The negation of indecomposable is, of course, decomposable. An abstract vector space is ...

Assume X, Y, and Z are lotteries. Denote "X is preferred to Y" as X≻Y, and indifference between them by X∼Y. One version of the probability axioms are then given by the ...

An independent variable is a variable whose values don't depend on changes in other variables. This is in contrast to the definition of dependent variable. As with dependent ...