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A general formula giving the number of distinct ways of folding an m×n rectangular map is not known. A distinct folding is defined as a permutation of N=m×n numbered cells ...

The winding number W(theta) of a map f(theta) with initial value theta is defined by W(theta)=lim_(n->infty)(f^n(theta)-theta)/n, which represents the average increase in the ...

The Mercator projection is a map projection that was widely used for navigation since loxodromes are straight lines (although great circles are curved). The following ...

A map projection given by the following transformation, x = lambda-lambda_0 (1) y = 5/4ln[tan(1/4pi+2/5phi)] (2) = 5/4sinh^(-1)[tan(4/5phi)]. (3) Here, x and y are the plane ...

The Mollweide projection is a map projection also called the elliptical projection or homolographic equal-area projection. The forward transformation is x = ...

For X a topological space, the presheaf F of Abelian groups (rings, ...) on X is defined such that 1. For every open subset U subset= X, an Abelian group (ring, ...) F(U), ...

A principal bundle is a special case of a fiber bundle where the fiber is a group G. More specifically, G is usually a Lie group. A principal bundle is a total space E along ...

A sequence which arises in the hypothetical reproduction of a population of rabbits. Let the substitution system map 0->1 correspond to young rabbits growing old, and 1->10 ...

The Riemann sphere, also called the extended complex plane, is a one-dimensional complex manifold C^* (C-star) which is the one-point compactification of the complex numbers ...

A pathwise-connected domain is said to be simply connected (also called 1-connected) if any simple closed curve can be shrunk to a point continuously in the set. If the ...