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A generalization of an ordinary two-dimensional surface embedded in three-dimensional space to an (n-1)-dimensional surface embedded in n-dimensional space. A hypersurface is ...

If f:D->Y is a map (a.k.a. function, transformation, etc.) over a domain D, then the image of f, also called the range of D under f, is defined as the set of all values that ...

Given F_1(x,y,z,u,v,w) = 0 (1) F_2(x,y,z,u,v,w) = 0 (2) F_3(x,y,z,u,v,w) = 0, (3) if the determinantof the Jacobian |JF(u,v,w)|=|(partial(F_1,F_2,F_3))/(partial(u,v,w))|!=0, ...

Isomorphism is a very general concept that appears in several areas of mathematics. The word derives from the Greek iso, meaning "equal," and morphosis, meaning "to form" or ...

The Johnson midpoint is the point of concurrence of the line segments joining the vertices of a reference triangle with the centers of a certain set of circles (that resemble ...

For any function f:A->B (where A and B are any sets), the kernel (also called the null space) is defined by Ker(f)={x:x in Asuch thatf(x)=0}, so the kernel gives the elements ...

Let Q_i denote anything subject to weighting by a normalized linear scheme of weights that sum to unity in a set W. The Kolmogorov axioms state that 1. For every Q_i in W, ...

Two or more functions, equations, or vectors f_1, f_2, ..., which are not linearly dependent, i.e., cannot be expressed in the form a_1f_1+a_2f_2+...+a_nf_n=0 with a_1, a_2, ...

Let a function h:U->R be continuous on an open set U subset= C. Then h is said to have the epsilon_(z_0)-property if, for each z_0 in U, there exists an epsilon_(z_0)>0 such ...

The mean square displacement (MSD) of a set of N displacements x_n is given by <|x|^2>=sum_(k=1)^N|x_k|^2. It arises particularly in Brownian motion and random walk problems. ...