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For a particular format in the IEEE 754-2008 framework, a normal number is a finite nonzero floating-point number with magnitude greater than or equal to a minimum value ...

The half-normal distribution is a normal distribution with mean 0 and parameter theta limited to the domain x in [0,infty). It has probability and distribution functions ...

Amazingly, the distribution of a difference of two normally distributed variates X and Y with means and variances (mu_x,sigma_x^2) and (mu_y,sigma_y^2), respectively, is ...

A surface given by the form z=F(x,y).

Let M be a regular surface with v_(p),w_(p) points in the tangent space M_(p) of M. For M in R^3, the second fundamental form is the symmetric bilinear form on the tangent ...

The ratio X/Y of independent normally distributed variates with zero mean is distributed with a Cauchy distribution. This can be seen as follows. Let X and Y both have mean 0 ...

Deciding whether a given Boolean formula in conjunctive normal form has an assignment that makes the formula "true." In 1971, Cook showed that the problem is NP-complete.

The standard form of a line in the Cartesian plane is given by ax+by=c for real numbers a,b,c in R. This form can be derived from any of the other forms (point-slope form, ...

Any square matrix T has a canonical form without any need to extend the field of its coefficients. For instance, if the entries of T are rational numbers, then so are the ...

A trace form on an arbitrary algebra A is a symmetric bilinear form (x,y) such that (xy,z)=(x,yz) for all x,y,z in A (Schafer 1996, p. 24).