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Just as the ratio of the arc length of a semicircle to its radius is always pi, the ratio P of the arc length of the parabolic segment formed by the latus rectum of any ...

A plane is a two-dimensional doubly ruled surface spanned by two linearly independent vectors. The generalization of the plane to higher dimensions is called a hyperplane. ...

The sequence a(n) given by the exponents of the highest power of 2 dividing n, i.e., the number of trailing 0s in the binary representation of n. For n=1, 2, ..., the first ...

One of the three standard tori given by the parametric equations x = a(1+cosv)cosu (1) y = a(1+cosv)sinu (2) z = asinv, (3) corresponding to the torus with a=c. It has ...

A figurate number which is the sum of two consecutive pyramidal numbers, O_n=P_(n-1)+P_n=1/3n(2n^2+1). (1) The first few are 1, 6, 19, 44, 85, 146, 231, 344, 489, 670, 891, ...

The first theorem of Pappus states that the surface area S of a surface of revolution generated by the revolution of a curve about an external axis is equal to the product of ...

There are at least 15 classes of convex pentagonal tilings, as illustrated above. The first five were discovered during investigations of German mathematician Karl Reinhardt ...

Dirac (1952) proved that if the minimum vertex degree delta(G)>=n/2 for a graph G on n>=3 nodes, then G contains a Hamiltonian cycle (Bollobás 1978, Komlós et al. 1996). In ...

In general, a singularity is a point at which an equation, surface, etc., blows up or becomes degenerate. Singularities are often also called singular points. Singularities ...

The Smale horseshoe map consists of a sequence of operations on the unit square. First, stretch in the y direction by more than a factor of two, then compress in the x ...