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Fermat's last theorem is a theorem first proposed by Fermat in the form of a note scribbled in the margin of his copy of the ancient Greek text Arithmetica by Diophantus. The ...

Let n be a positive number having primitive roots. If g is a primitive root of n, then the numbers 1, g, g^2, ..., g^(phi(n)-1) form a reduced residue system modulo n, where ...

The number 10 (ten) is the basis for the decimal system of notation. In this system, each "decimal place" consists of a digit 0-9 arranged such that each digit is multiplied ...

A number n with prime factorization n=product_(i=1)^rp_i^(a_i) is called k-almost prime if it has a sum of exponents sum_(i=1)^(r)a_i=k, i.e., when the prime factor ...

The sequence a(n) given by the exponents of the highest power of 2 dividing n, i.e., the number of trailing 0s in the binary representation of n. For n=1, 2, ..., the first ...

The conjecture that there are only finitely many triples of relatively prime integer powers x^p, y^q, z^r for which x^p+y^q=z^r (1) with 1/p+1/q+1/r<1. (2) Darmon and Merel ...

A prime power is a prime or integer power of a prime. A test for a number n being a prime is implemented in the Wolfram Language as PrimePowerQ[n]. The first few prime powers ...

A quintic nonhamiltonian graph is a quintic graph that is nonhamiltonian. A number of such graphs are illustrated above. Owens (1980) showed that there exists a ...

In this work, the name Pythagoras's constant will be given to the square root of 2, sqrt(2)=1.4142135623... (1) (OEIS A002193), which the Pythagoreans proved to be ...

A Bloch vector is a unit vector (cosphisintheta, sinphisintheta, costheta) used to represent points on a Bloch sphere.