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The sum over all external (square) nodes of the lengths of the paths from the root of an extended binary tree to each node. For example, in the tree above, the external path ...

Suppose that V is a group representation of G, and W is a group representation of H. Then the vector space tensor product V tensor W is a group representation of the group ...

Given the Lucas sequence U_n(b,-1) and V_n(b,-1), define Delta=b^2+4. Then an extra strong Lucas pseudoprime to the base b is a composite number n=2^rs+(Delta/n), where s is ...

The study of how the intrinsic structure of graphs ensures certain types of properties (e.g., clique-formation and graph colorings) under appropriate conditions.

Given a subset K of a vector space X, a nonempty subset S subset K is called an extreme set of K if no point of S is an internal point of any line interval whose endpoints ...

An extremum is a maximum or minimum. An extremum may be local (a.k.a. a relative extremum; an extremum in a given region which is not the overall maximum or minimum) or ...

Each of the sacred unit fractions which the ancient Egyptians attributed to the six parts of the eye of the god Horus: 1/2, 1/4, 1/8, 1/16, 1/32, and 1/64. These fractions, ...

A continuous statistical distribution which arises in the testing of whether two observed samples have the same variance. Let chi_m^2 and chi_n^2 be independent variates ...

A subset F subset R of the real numbers is said to be an F_sigma set provided F is the countable union of closed sets. The name F_sigma comes from French: The F stands for ...

Fractran is an algorithm applied to a given list f_1, f_2, ..., f_k of fractions. Given a starting integer N, the FRACTRAN algorithm proceeds by repeatedly multiplying the ...