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Caesar's method is an encryption scheme involving shifting an alphabet (so a->c, b->d, c->e, d->f, etc., x->z,y->a,z->b). It is one of the most basic encryption methods, and ...

The maximum number of regions that can be created by n cuts using space division by planes, cube division by planes, cylinder cutting, etc., is given by N_(max)=1/6(n^3+5n+6) ...

Letting Lk be the linking number of the two components of a ribbon, Tw be the twist, and Wr be the writhe, then Lk(K)=Tw(K)+Wr(K). (Adams 1994, p. 187).

A set of positive integers S is called sum-free if the equation x+y=z has no solutions x, y, z in S. The probability that a random sum-free set S consists entirely of odd ...

The word canonical is used to indicate a particular choice from of a number of possible conventions. This convention allows a mathematical object or class of objects to be ...

A canonical labeling, also called a canonical form, of a graph G is a graph G^' which is isomorphic to G and which represents the whole isomorphism class of G (Piperno 2011). ...

As defined by Kyrmse, a canonical polygon is a closed polygon whose vertices lie on a point lattice and whose edges consist of vertical and horizontal steps of unit length or ...

A fractal which can be constructed using string rewriting beginning with a cell [1] and iterating the rules {0->[0 1 0; 1 1 1; 0 1 0],1->[1 1 1; 1 1 1; 1 1 1]}. (1) The size ...

A Cartesian product of any finite or infinite set I of copies of Z_2, equipped with the product topology derived from the discrete topology of Z_2. It is denoted Z_2^I. The ...

A theorem about (or providing an equivalent definition of) compact sets, originally due to Georg Cantor. Given a decreasing sequence of bounded nonempty closed sets C_1 ...