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Let K be a class of topological spaces that is closed under homeomorphism, and let X be a topological space. If X in K and for every Y in K such that X subset= Y, X is a ...

The absolute square of a complex number z, also known as the squared norm, is defined as |z|^2=zz^_, (1) where z^_ denotes the complex conjugate of z and |z| is the complex ...

A measure lambda is absolutely continuous with respect to another measure mu if lambda(E)=0 for every set with mu(E)=0. This makes sense as long as mu is a positive measure, ...

The law appearing in the definition of Boolean algebras and lattice which states that a ^ (a v b)=a v (a ^ b)=a for binary operators v and ^ (which most commonly are logical ...

Abstract algebra is the set of advanced topics of algebra that deal with abstract algebraic structures rather than the usual number systems. The most important of these ...

An abstract group is a group characterized only by its abstract properties and not by the particular representations chosen for elements. For example, there are two distinct ...

The abundancy of a number n is defined as the ratio sigma(n)/n, where sigma(n) is the divisor function. For n=1, 2, ..., the first few values are 1, 3/2, 4/3, 7/4, 6/5, 2, ...

A number of the form n^...^_()_(n)n, where Knuth up-arrow notation has been used. The first few Ackermann numbers are 1^1=1, 2^^2=4, and ...

The polynomials a_n^((beta))(x) given by the Sheffer sequence with g(t) = (1-t)^(-beta) (1) f(t) = ln(1-t), (2) giving generating function ...

Actuarial science is the study of risk through the use of mathematics, probability, and statistics. A person who performs risk assessment is known as an actuary. Actuaries ...