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An outcome is a subset of a probability space. Experimental outcomes are not uniquely determined from the description of an experiment, and must be agreed upon to avoid ...

The number of outward directed graph edges from a given graph vertex in a directed graph.

An inner automorphism of a group G is an automorphism of the form phi(g)=h^(-1)gh, where h is a fixed element of G. An outer automorphism of G is an automorphism which cannot ...

A particular type of automorphism group which exists only for groups. For a group G, the outer automorphism group is the quotient group Aut(G)/Inn(G), which is the ...

An "overdot" is a raised dot appearing above a symbol most commonly used in mathematics to indicate a derivative taken with respect to time (e.g., x^.=dx/dt). The expression ...

A symbol employed in a formal propositional calculus.

A popular acronym for "principal ideal domain." In engineering circles, the acronym PID refers to the "proportional-integral-derivative method" algorithm for controlling ...

The statistical index P_P=(sump_nq_n)/(sump_0q_n), where p_n is the price per unit in period n and q_n is the quantity produced in period n.

Given an amicable pair (m,n), the quantity sigma(m) = sigma(n) (1) = =s(m)+s(n) (2) = m+n (3) is called the pair sum, where sigma(n) is the divisor function and s(n) is the ...

The term pairwise refers to taking all unordered 2-subsets of a given set. For example, the pairwise products of the set {a,b,c} are ab, ac, and bc.