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Spherical mirrors were a popular subject for M. C. Escher's lithographs, including "Still Life with a Spherical Mirror" (Bool et al. 1982, p. 261; Forty 2003, Plate 23), ...

A two-component complex column vector. Spinors can describe both bosons and fermions, while tensors can describe only bosons.

Stadium billiards refers to the investigation of the path of a billiard ball on a stadium-shaped billiard table, as first investigated by Bunimovich (1974).

Stanley and Wilf conjectured (Bona 1997, Arratia 1999), that for every permutation pattern sigma, there is a constant c(sigma)<infty such that for all n, ...

If f:M->N, then the tangent map Tf associated to f is a vector bundle homeomorphism Tf:TM->TN (i.e., a map between the tangent bundles of M and N respectively). The tangent ...

A category modeled after the properties of the category of sets. A category E is a topos if E has finite limits and every object of E has a power object (Barr and Wells 1985, ...

Let G(V,E) be a graph with graph vertices V and graph edges E on n graph vertices without a (k+1)-clique. Then t(n,k)<=((k-1)n^2)/(2k), where t(n,k) is the edge count. (Note ...

A formal type of proof most frequently encountered in elementary geometry courses in which known or derived statements are written in the left column, and the reason that ...

A circuit in which an entire graph is traversed in one route. Examples of curves that can be traced unicursally are the Mohammed sign and unicursal hexagram. The numbers of ...

A vector field is a map f:R^n|->R^n that assigns each x a vector f(x). Several vector fields are illustrated above. A vector field is uniquely specified by giving its ...