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A normalized form of the cumulative normal distribution function giving the probability that a variate assumes a value in the range [0,x], ...

An extremely fast factorization method developed by Pollard which was used to factor the RSA-130 number. This method is the most powerful known for factoring general numbers, ...

An ordered factorization is a factorization (not necessarily into prime factors) in which a×b is considered distinct from b×a. The following table lists the ordered ...

An Ore graph is a graph that satisfies Ore's theorem, i.e., a graph G for which the sums of the degrees of nonadjacent vertices is greater than or equal to the number of ...

For every dimension n>0, the orthogonal group O(n) is the group of n×n orthogonal matrices. These matrices form a group because they are closed under multiplication and ...

An algorithm which can be used to find integer relations between real numbers x_1, ..., x_n such that a_1x_1+a_2x_2+...+a_nx_n=0, with not all a_i=0. Although the algorithm ...

Approximants derived by expanding a function as a ratio of two power series and determining both the numerator and denominator coefficients. Padé approximations are usually ...

If all the diagonals--including those obtained by "wrapping around" the edges--of a magic square sum to the same magic constant, the square is said to be a panmagic square ...

The parachute graph is the graph on 7 vertices illustrated above. It is implemented in the Wolfram Language as GraphData["ParachuteGraph"].

A statement which appears self-contradictory or contrary to expectations, also known as an antinomy. Curry (1977, p. 5) uses the term pseudoparadox to describe an apparent ...