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A characteristic factor is a factor in a particular factorization of the totient function phi(n) such that the product of characteristic factors gives the representation of a ...

The composite number problem asks if for a given positive integer N there exist positive integers m and n such that N=mn. The complexity of the composite number problem was ...

The conjugate gradient method is an algorithm for finding the nearest local minimum of a function of n variables which presupposes that the gradient of the function can be ...

Ueberhuber (1997, p. 71) and Krommer and Ueberhuber (1998, pp. 49 and 155-165) use the word "quadrature" to mean numerical computation of a univariate integral, and ...

Differential algebra is a field of mathematics that attempts to use methods from abstract algebra to study solutions of systems of polynomial nonlinear ordinary and partial ...

The Errera graph is the 17-node planar graph illustrated above that tangles the Kempe chains in Kempe's algorithm and thus provides an example of how Kempe's supposed proof ...

An error-correcting code is an algorithm for expressing a sequence of numbers such that any errors which are introduced can be detected and corrected (within certain ...

The Euler-Mascheroni constant gamma=0.577215664901532860606512090082402431042... (OEIS A001620) was calculated to 16 digits by Euler in 1781 and to 32 decimal places by ...

A reduction system is called finitely terminating (or Noetherian) if there are no infinite rewriting sequences. This property guarantees that any rewriting algorithm will ...

The fractional edge chromatic number of a graph G is the fractional analog of the edge chromatic number, denoted chi_f^'(G) by Scheinerman and Ullman (2011). It can be ...