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The word canonical is used to indicate a particular choice from of a number of possible conventions. This convention allows a mathematical object or class of objects to be ...

A theorem about (or providing an equivalent definition of) compact sets, originally due to Georg Cantor. Given a decreasing sequence of bounded nonempty closed sets C_1 ...

In affine three-space the Cayley surface is given by x_3=x_1x_2-1/3x_1^3 (1) (Nomizu and Sasaki 1994). The surface has been generalized by Eastwood and Ezhov (2000) to ...

The geodesics in a complete Riemannian metric go on indefinitely, i.e., each geodesic is isometric to the real line. For example, Euclidean space is complete, but the open ...

A set of quadratic surfaces which share foci. Ellipsoids and one- and two-sheeted hyperboloids can be confocal. These three types of surfaces can be combined to form an ...

A cross-handle is a topological structure which can be thought of as the object produced by puncturing a surface twice, attaching a zip around each puncture travelling in the ...

A special case of Stokes' theorem in which F is a vector field and M is an oriented, compact embedded 2-manifold with boundary in R^3, and a generalization of Green's theorem ...

A set A in a first-countable space is dense in B if B=A union L, where L is the set of limit points of A. For example, the rational numbers are dense in the reals. In ...

A disk algebra is an algebra of functions which are analytic on the open unit disk in C and continuous up to the boundary. A representative measure for a point x in the ...

Two metrics g_1 and g_2 defined on a space X are called equivalent if they induce the same metric topology on X. This is the case iff, for every point x_0 of X, every ball ...