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A stack F on a topological space X is said to be a stack of groupoids if for each open subset U subset= X, the category F(U) is a groupoid.

A topological space fulfilling the T0-separation axiom: For any two points x,y in X, there is an open set U such that x in U and y not in U or y in U and x not in U. ...

For any two points x,y in X there exists two open sets U and V such that x in U and y not in U, and y in V and x not in V. A space satisfying this axiom is known as a ...

Let M be a regular surface with v_(p),w_(p) points in the tangent space M_(p) of M. Then the third fundamental form is given by III(v_(p),w_(p))=S(v_(p))·S(w_(p)), where S is ...

The trivial loop is the loop that takes every point to its basepoint. Formally, if X is a topological space and x in X, the trivial loop based at x is the map L:[0,1]->X ...

A principal bundle is a special case of a fiber bundle where the fiber is a group G. More specifically, G is usually a Lie group. A principal bundle is a total space E along ...

In a monoid or multiplicative group where the operation is a product ·, the multiplicative inverse of any element g is the element g^(-1) such that g·g^(-1)=g^(-1)·g=1, with ...

An analytic function f(z) whose Laurent series is given by f(z)=sum_(n=-infty)^inftya_n(z-z_0)^n, (1) can be integrated term by term using a closed contour gamma encircling ...

A fundamental result of de Rham cohomology is that the kth de Rham cohomology vector space of a manifold M is canonically isomorphic to the Alexander-Spanier cohomology ...

An angle bracket is the combination of a bra and ket (bra+ket = bracket) which represents the inner product of two functions or vectors (or 1-forms), <f|g>=intf(x)g^|(x)dx in ...