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Newton's method for finding roots of a complex polynomial f entails iterating the function z-[f(z)/f^'(z)], which can be viewed as applying the Euler backward method with ...

A polygon can be defined (as illustrated above) as a geometric object "consisting of a number of points (called vertices) and an equal number of line segments (called sides), ...

A crunode, also known as an ordinary double point, of a plane curve is point where a curve intersects itself so that two branches of the curve have distinct tangent lines. ...

A frustum (unfortunately commonly misspelled "frustrum") is that portion of a solid which lies between two parallel planes cutting the solid. Degenerate cases are obtained ...

Define the zeta function of a variety over a number field by taking the product over all prime ideals of the zeta functions of this variety reduced modulo the primes. Hasse ...

e^(izcostheta)=sum_(n=-infty)^inftyi^nJ_n(z)e^(intheta), where J_n(z) is a Bessel function of the first kind. The identity can also be written ...

A mensuration formula is simply a formula for computing the length-related properties of an object (such as area, circumradius, etc., of a polygon) based on other known ...

A subvariety of an algebraic variety that is not the entire variety. The proper subvarieties of a line are its nonempty finite subsets, the proper subvarieties of a plane are ...

A transformation in which all points along a given line L remain fixed while other points are shifted parallel to L by a distance proportional to their perpendicular distance ...

To truncate a real number is to discard its noninteger part. Truncation of a (positive) number x therefore corresponds to taking the floor function |_x_|. Truncation also ...