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A complex number z may be represented as z=x+iy=|z|e^(itheta), (1) where |z| is a positive real number called the complex modulus of z, and theta (sometimes also denoted phi) ...

The neighborhood complex N(G) of a locally finite graph G is defined as the abstract simplicial complex formed by the subsets of the neighborhoods of all vertices of G.

The modulus of a complex number z, also called the complex norm, is denoted |z| and defined by |x+iy|=sqrt(x^2+y^2). (1) If z is expressed as a complex exponential (i.e., a ...

Two complex numbers z=x+iy and z^'=x^'+iy^' are added together componentwise, z+z^'=(x+x^')+i(y+y^'). In component form, (x,y)+(x^',y^')=(x+x^',y+y^') (Krantz 1999, p. 1).

The plane spanned by the three points x(t), x(t+h_1), and x(t+h_2) on a curve as h_1,h_2->0. Let z be a point on the osculating plane, then [(z-x),x^',x^('')]=0, where ...

A projective space is a space that is invariant under the group G of all general linear homogeneous transformation in the space concerned, but not under all the ...

The complex conjugate of a complex number z=a+bi is defined to be z^_=a-bi. (1) The conjugate matrix of a matrix A=(a_(ij)) is the matrix obtained by replacing each element ...

The division of two complex numbers can be accomplished by multiplying the numerator and denominator by the complex conjugate of the denominator, for example, with z_1=a+bi ...

A complex fraction is a fraction in which numerator, denominator, or both are themselves fractions, for example (2/3)/(4/5).

A plane making equal angles with the three edges of a trihedron.