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An n-mark Golomb ruler is a set of n distinct nonnegative integers (a_1,a_2,...,a_n), called "marks," such that the positive differences |a_i-a_j|, computed over all possible ...

The genus gamma(G) of a graph G is the minimum number of handles that must be added to the plane to embed the graph without any crossings. A graph with genus 0 is embeddable ...

A two-dimensional grid graph, also known as a rectangular grid graph or two-dimensional lattice graph (e.g., Acharya and Gill 1981), is an m×n lattice graph that is the graph ...

A Haar graph H(n) is a bipartite regular indexed by a positive integer and obtained by a simple binary encoding of cyclically adjacent vertices. Haar graphs may be connected ...

The Jacobi elliptic functions are standard forms of elliptic functions. The three basic functions are denoted cn(u,k), dn(u,k), and sn(u,k), where k is known as the elliptic ...

Minimal surfaces are defined as surfaces with zero mean curvature. A minimal surface parametrized as x=(u,v,h(u,v)) therefore satisfies Lagrange's equation, ...

The path graph P_n is a tree with two nodes of vertex degree 1, and the other n-2 nodes of vertex degree 2. A path graph is therefore a graph that can be drawn so that all of ...

The m×n rook graph (confusingly called the m×n grid by Brouwer et al. 1989, p. 440) and also sometimes known as a lattice graph (e.g., Brouwer) is the graph Cartesian product ...

The derivative of a function represents an infinitesimal change in the function with respect to one of its variables. The "simple" derivative of a function f with respect to ...

A matrix is a concise and useful way of uniquely representing and working with linear transformations. In particular, every linear transformation can be represented by a ...