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Let R^3 be the space in which a knot K sits. Then the space "around" the knot, i.e., everything but the knot itself, is denoted R^3-K and is called the knot complement of K ...

Given a knot diagram, it is possible to construct a collection of variables and equations, and given such a collection, a group naturally arises that is known as the group of ...

The l^2-norm (also written "l^2-norm") |x| is a vector norm defined for a complex vector x=[x_1; x_2; |; x_n] (1) by |x|=sqrt(sum_(k=1)^n|x_k|^2), (2) where |x_k| on the ...

The Laplacian spectral ratio R_L(G) of a connected graph G is defined as the ratio of its Laplacian spectral radius to its algebraic connectivity. If a connected graph of ...

A lattice automorphism is a lattice endomorphism that is also a lattice isomorphism.

Let L=(L, ^ , v ) and K=(K, ^ , v ) be lattices, and let h:L->K. A lattice endomorphism is a mapping h:L->L that preserves both meets and joins.

Let L=(L, ^ , v ) and K=(K, ^ , v ) be lattices, and let h:L->K. A lattice isomorphism is a one-to-one and onto lattice homomorphism.

Let L=(L, ^ , v ) be a lattice, and let f,g:L->L. Then the pair (f,g) is a polarity of L if and only if f is a decreasing join-endomorphism and g is an increasing ...

Let L=(L, ^ , v ) be a lattice, and let tau subset= L^2. Then tau is a tolerance if and only if it is a reflexive and symmetric sublattice of L^2. Tolerances of lattices, ...

The Lebesgue integral is defined in terms of upper and lower bounds using the Lebesgue measure of a set. It uses a Lebesgue sum S_n=sum_(i)eta_imu(E_i) where eta_i is the ...