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A noble number nu is defined as an irrational number having a continued fraction that becomes an infinite sequence of 1s at some point, nu=[0,a_1,a_2,...,a_n,1^_]. The ...

A ring is called left (respectively, right) Noetherian if it does not contain an infinite ascending chain of left (respectively, right) ideals. In this case, the ring in ...

A function H that maps an arbitrary length message M to a fixed length message digest MD is a one-way hash function if 1. It is a one-way function. 2. Given M and H(M), it is ...

An oriented knot is an oriented link of one component, or equivalently, it is a knot which has been given an orientation. Given an oriented knot K, reversing the orientation ...

An orthogonal transformation is a linear transformation T:V->V which preserves a symmetric inner product. In particular, an orthogonal transformation (technically, an ...

The arc length of the parabolic segment y=h(1-(x^2)/(a^2)) (1) illustrated above is given by s = int_(-a)^asqrt(1+y^('2))dx (2) = 2int_0^asqrt(1+y^('2))dx (3) = ...

Given a smooth manifold M with an open cover U_i, a partition of unity subject to the cover U_i is a collection of smooth, nonnegative functions psi_i, such that the support ...

Two knots are pass equivalent if there exists a sequence of pass moves taking one to the other. Every knot is either pass equivalent to the unknot or trefoil knot. These two ...

One would think that by analogy with the matching-generating polynomial, independence polynomial, etc., a path polynomial whose coefficients are the numbers of paths of ...

Given a statistical distribution with measured mean, statistical median, mode, and standard deviation sigma, Pearson's first skewness coefficient, also known as the Pearson ...