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A busy beaver is an n-state, 2-color Turing machine which writes a maximum number Sigma(n) of 1s before halting (Rado 1962; Lin and Rado 1965; Shallit 1998). Alternatively, ...

There are four strongly regular graphs with parameters (nu,k,lambda,mu)=(28,12,6,4), one of them being the triangular graph of order 8. The other three such graphs are known ...

The convex hull of a set of points S in n dimensions is the intersection of all convex sets containing S. For N points p_1, ..., p_N, the convex hull C is then given by the ...

A division algebra, also called a "division ring" or "skew field," is a ring in which every nonzero element has a multiplicative inverse, but multiplication is not ...

A graph embedding, sometimes also called a graph drawing, is a particular drawing of a graph. Graph embeddings are most commonly drawn in the plane, but may also be ...

The hypercube is a generalization of a 3-cube to n dimensions, also called an n-cube or measure polytope. It is a regular polytope with mutually perpendicular sides, and is ...

Two graphs which contain the same number of graph vertices connected in the same way are said to be isomorphic. Formally, two graphs G and H with graph vertices ...

Linear programming, sometimes known as linear optimization, is the problem of maximizing or minimizing a linear function over a convex polyhedron specified by linear and ...

Operations research is a vast branch of mathematics which encompasses many diverse areas of minimization and optimization. Thousands of books have been written worldwide on ...

The Schläfli graph is a strongly regular graph on 27 nodes which is the graph complement of the generalized quadrangle GQ(2,4). It is the unique strongly regular graph with ...