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Differential entropy differs from normal or absolute entropy in that the random variable need not be discrete. Given a continuous random variable X with a probability density ...

An algorithm which allows digits of a given number to be calculated without requiring the computation of earlier digits. The BBP formula for pi is the best-known such ...

An unlabeled transitive digraph with n nodes is called a "topology." The numbers of distinct topologies on n=1, 2, ... nodes are 1, 3, 9, 33, 139, 718, 4535, ... (OEIS ...

sum_(1<=k<=n)(n; k)((-1)^(k-1))/(k^m)=sum_(1<=i_1<=i_2<=...<=i_m<=n)1/(i_1i_2...i_m), (1) where (n; k) is a binomial coefficient (Dilcher 1995, Flajolet and Sedgewick 1995, ...

Given any assignment of n-element sets to the n^2 locations of a square n×n array, is it always possible to find a partial Latin square? The fact that such a partial Latin ...

Each of the sets forming a direct product is said to be a direct factor. A group G is said to be a direct factor of the group G^' if G^' is isomorphic to the group direct ...

A.k.a. the pigeonhole principle. Given n boxes and m>n objects, at least one box must contain more than one object. This statement has important applications in number theory ...

The term discrete percolation is used to describe models of percolation theory whose media are discrete sets like sets of regular lattice points (e.g., bond percolation and ...

The disdyakis dodecahedron is the dual polyhedron of the Archimedean great rhombicuboctahedron A_3 and Wenninger dual W_(15). It is also called the hexakis octahedron ...

The disdyakis triacontahedron is the dual polyhedron of the Archimedean great rhombicosidodecahedron A_2. It is also known as the hexakis icosahedron (Holden 1971, p. 55). It ...