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A universal sentence is a sentence (i.e., formula of the predicate calculus without free variables) whose variables are universally quantified.

A set fixed within the framework of a theory and consisting of all objects considered in this theory. The complement of the universal set is the empty set.

A graph in which individual nodes have no distinct identifications except through their interconnectivity. Graphs in which labels (which are most commonly numbers) are ...

A position in a game is unsafe for player A if the person who plays next (player B) can win. Every unsafe position can be made safe by at least one move.

The vertex count of a graph g, commonly denoted V(g) or |g|, is the number of vertices in g. In other words, it is the cardinality of the vertex set. The vertex count of a ...

The depth of a vertex v in a rooted tree as the number of edges from v to the root vertex. A function to return the depth of a vertex v in a tree g may be implemented in a ...

The vertex height of a vertex v in a rooted tree is the number of edges on the longest downward path between v and a tree leaf. The height of the root vertex of a rooted tree ...

The number of graph edges meeting at a given node in a graph is called the order of that graph vertex.

The horizontal line segment in the above figure appears to be shorter than the vertical line segment, despite the fact that it has the same length.

An auction in which the highest bidder wins but pays only the second-highest bid. This variation over the normal bidding procedure is supposed to encourage bidders to bid the ...