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A lucky number of Euler is a number p such that the prime-generating polynomial n^2-n+p is prime for n=1, 2, ..., p-1. Such numbers are related to the imaginary quadratic ...

The Maclaurin trisectrix is a curve first studied by Colin Maclaurin in 1742. It was studied to provide a solution to one of the geometric problems of antiquity, in ...

(d^2V)/(dv^2)+[a-2qcos(2v)]V=0 (1) (Abramowitz and Stegun 1972; Zwillinger 1997, p. 125), having solution y=C_1C(a,q,v)+C_2S(a,q,v), (2) where C(a,q,v) and S(a,q,v) are ...

The point on a line segment dividing it into two segments of equal length. The midpoint of a line segment is easy to locate by first constructing a lens using circular arcs, ...

The first definition of the logarithm was constructed by Napier and popularized through his posthumous pamphlet (Napier 1619). It this pamphlet, Napier sought to reduce the ...

A natural equation is an equation which specifies a curve independent of any choice of coordinates or parameterization. The study of natural equations began with the ...

A direct search method of optimization that works moderately well for stochastic problems. It is based on evaluating a function at the vertices of a simplex, then iteratively ...

Noncommutative topology is a recent program having important and deep applications in several branches of mathematics and mathematical physics. Because every commutative ...

A nonnegative matrix is a real or integer matrix (a)_(ij) for which each matrix element is a nonnegative number, i.e., a_(ij)>=0 for all i, j. Nonnegative matrices are ...

A surface such as the Möbius strip or Klein bottle (Gray 1997, pp. 322-323) on which there exists a closed path such that the directrix is reversed when moved around this ...